Beckett, Gary. PWCs: Fast Ride Turns Bumpy. Soundings Trade Only. February 1998. Page 69.

Bryan, H. 1979. Conflict in the great outdoors: toward understanding and managing for diverse sportsmen preferences. University , Alabama Bureau of Public Administration. University of Alabama.

Bryan, H. 1979. Conflict in the great outdoors. Sociological Studies No.4.Bureau of Public Administration, University of Alabama.

Coggeshall, Almy D. and David Callies. 1971. Snowmobiles and Ski Touring: A Study in Recreational Conflicts. Eastern New York Ski Touring Association.

*Devall, Bill and Harry, Joseph. 1981. Who Hates Whom in the Great Outdoors: The Impact of Recreational Specialization and Technologies of Play. Leisure Sciences 4(4): 399-418

Driver, B.L. & Basssett, J. 1975. Defining conflicts among river users: A case study of Michigan's Au Sable River, Naturalist, 26, 19-23.

*Gramann, James H. and Burdge, Rabel J. 1981. The Effect of Recreation Goals on Conflict Perception; The Case of Water Skiers and Fishermen. Journal of Leisure Research 13(1): 15-27.

Hendricks, William W. 1995. A Resurgence in Recreation Conflict Research: Introduction to the Special Issue. Leisure Sciences. 17(3): 157.

Holland, Stephen, Pybas, D., and Sanders, A. 1992. Personal Watercrafts: Fun, Speed -- and Conflict? Parks and Recreation. 27(11):52.

*Ivy, Mark I., Stewart, William P., Lue, Chi-Chuan. 1992. Exploring the Role of Tolerance in Recreational Conflict. Journal of Leisure Research 24(4): 348-360.

*Jackson, Edgar L. and Wong, Robert A. 1982. Perceived Conflict Between Urban Cross-Country Skiers and Snowmobilers in Alberta. Journal of Leisure Research 14(2): 47-62.

Alberta. Journal of Leisure Research 14(2): 47-62.

*Jacob, Gerald R. and Schreyer, Richard. 1980. Conflict in Outdoor Recreation: A Theoretical Perspective. Journal of Leisure Sciences 12(4): 368-380

Jacob, G.R. 1977. Conflict in outdoor recreation: the search for understanding. Utah Tourism and Recreation Review. 6(4), 1-5.

*Knopp, Timothy B. and Tyger, John D. 1973. A study of Conflict in Recreational Land Use: Snowmobiling vs. Ski-Touring. Journal of Leisure Research 5(3): 6-17.

Lindsay, J. 1973. Outdoor recreation conflict in Vermont. 1973. Res. Rep. SNR-RM2 School of Natural Resources. University of Vermont. Burlington VT.

O'Riordan, T. 1977. Sharing waterspace: how coarse fish anglers and boat users read to one another. Proceeding of the Recreational Freshwater Fisheries Conference. U.K. Water Research Centre.

Owens, P. 1978. Conflict between Norfolk Broads coarse anglers and boat users: a management issue. in M.J. Moseley (ed.) Social Issues in Rural Norfolk. Norwich: University of East Anglia. 123-143.

*Ramthun, Roy. 1995. Factors in User Group Conflict Between Hikers and Mountain Bikers. Leisure Sciences 17, 159-169.

Schneider, Ingrid, and Hammitt, William. 1995. Visitor Responses to On-site Recreation Conflict. Journal of Applied Recreation Research. 20(4): 249.

Schneider, Ingrid and Hammitt, William. 1995. Visitor Response to Outdoor Recreation Conflict: A Conceptual Approach. Leisure Sciences. 17(3) 223.

Shelby, B. and J.M. Nielsen. 1976. Motors and Oars in the Grand Canyon. Boulder Colorado: Human Ecology Research Service, Inc. River Contract Study Final Report Part III.

Watson, Alan E. 1995. An Analysis of Recent Progress in Recreation Conflict Research and Perceptions of Future Challenges and Opportunites. Leisure Sciences. 17(3): 235

Watson, Alan E., Williams, D.R., Daigle, J.J. 1991. Sources of Conflict Between Hikers and Mountain Bike Riders in the Rattlesnake NRA. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration. 9(3) 59.

*Wellman, J. Douglas, Roggenbuck, Joseph W., and Smith, Alan C. 1982. Recreational Specialization and Norms of Depreciative Behavior Among Canoeists. Journal of Leisure Research 14(4): 323-340.

Williams, Peter, Dosa, K., and Fulton, A. 1994. Tension on the Slopes: Managing Conflict Between Skiers and Snowboarders. Journal of Applied Recreation Research. 19(3): 191.

an * indicates the reference is reviewed in this article.

LINKS

• Multiple Use Conflicts Study Reviews State of Management Art Reviews bicycle/pedestrian trail conflict management. Has a nice list of 12 points to consider in management of this conflict. Was online at www.outdoorlink.com/imba/library/12.html

• Visitor Response to On-Site Recreational Conflict: A Conceptual Approach. Leisure Sciences. Vol.17 No.3. Pgs 223-234. (1995)

• Recreational Conflict on a Suburban Greenway Trail. Leisure Sciences. 1995, by R. Moore.

• An Investigation of the Relationship Between Trail Etiquette and Perceived Conflict Among Hikers and Mountain Bikers. Leisure Sciences. 1995, by E. Ruddell.

• Motivation, Perceived Conflict , and Management Preference Variations Among Low, Medium, and High Angling Specialists. Leisure Sciences. 1996, by H. Hase.

• Predicting Visitor Response to On-Site Recreation Conflict. Leisure Sciences. 1996, by I, Schneider.

• Boaters and PWCs
• Cross-country skiers and snowmobilers
• Motor boating and canoeing
• Motor boating and sail boating
• Horseback riding and backpacking
• Trail biking and hiking
• Off road vehicles vs. naturalists
• Canoeists, stream fishermen, and vacation home owners
• Fishermen, canoeists, and inner tube floaters
• Body surfers and surf boarders
• Surfers and swimmers
• Snowboarders and snowskiers
• Bicycles and pedestrians on trails

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