Old Boat Emission Regs
This page was copied from the CARB site. It shows
the methodology by which they planned to attack the
emission problems in the 80's. It also has some interesting
1980's data and some good older references in it. 

Area Source Methodology

Recreational and Commercial Boats

Section 8.3

Updated - March 1990


Source Category Codes


METHODS AND SOURCES



     These categories are used to inventory the combustion and refueling

     emissions from the use of pleasure craft and commercial boats.  The

     results of this inventory are presented in Tables II, III, IV, and V.



     The methodology for these combustion categories is taken directly

     from a study conducted in 1977 by KVB, Inc. for the Air Resources

     Board.  The 1977 KVB fuel consumption estimates were used to

     estimate those in 1987.  Based on data from boat registration, an

     increase of 23 percent from 1983 to 1987 was assumed for fuel use.



     In the study by KVB, pleasure craft were defined as boats used for

     cruising, water skiing, sport fishing, and other recreational

     activities.  These include:



        inboard/outboard motor boats

        jet powered craft



     as well as the following boats while using auxiliary power:



        rowboats

        sailboats

        Canoes



     Commercial boats were defined by KVB to include the following:



        commercial and party fishing boats

        tug boats

        work boats

        lightering barges

        excursion boats

        miscellaneous small commercial utility craft

        U. S. Coast Guard vessels

        passenger and cargo boats





     The methodology to inventory emissions from both recreational and

     commercial boats is detailed in the KVB study and is summarized

     here as follows:



     1. determine boat population

     2. locate areas of operation

     3. determine average boat usage

     4. calculate the fuel consumption of the various classes of boats

     5. apply emission factors to calculate the emissions



     KVB reported emissions by four types of waterways:  Lakes, rivers,

     deltas and coastal regions.  Table I gives the diesel and gasoline

     emission factors for both pleasure craft and commercial boats for

     each waterway type, for each county.  Table I also gives the gasoline

     powered refueling emissions which are uniform for each county and

     waterway type.



     The county wide emissions for each category are obtained by

     multiplying the fuel combustion by the respective emission factors

     and then summing the emissions of different waterway types.  This is

     illustrated in the Sample Calculations.



ASSUMPTIONS



     1.  The number of days used per year by boats and the patterns of

         occurrence of boats used in the KVB study are valid for 1987.



     2.  Fuel consumption values for both pleasure and commercial boats

         are relative to boat registration.



     3.  All pleasure boats are registered with DMV.



COMMENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS



     The KVB's methodology may be followed to develop original emission

     estimates for 1987.  This will produce results that are more

     representative of 1987 and possibly show the magnitude of

     year-to-year variations of boating activities.



CHANGES IN METHODOLOGY



     There are no changes in methodology between the 1983 and 1987

     inventory.  The 1977 KVB fuel consumption estimates for boat types

     were used to estimate the 1987 emissions.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN 1983 AND 1987 EMISSION ESTIMATES



     The 1987 emission estimates are higher than the 1983 due to an

     increase in boat population.



TEMPORAL ACTIVITY



     The annual activity occurs primarily during the late spring, summer,

     and fall.  The weekly activity occurs seven days per week, but with

     most of the activity on weekends.  The daily activity occurs mostly

     during daylight hours.



SAMPLE CALCULATIONS



     COMBUSTION EMISSIONS:

     Contra Costa County - pleasure craft



     The following table shows the fuel combustion and NOx emission

     factors for the different types of waterways for pleasure craft in

     Contra Costa County for 1987.



                       Activity Rate            NOx Emission Factors

                     (1000 gal)  (1000 gal)  (lbs/1000 gal) (lbs/1000 gal)

Type of Waterway       Diesel     Gasoline       Diesel      Gasoline



     Lakes               0           l09             0          59

     Rivers             55          1728           340          72

     Delta             106          3154           340          72

     Coast             355          2469           340          96



     Emissions = Sum of emissions from lakes, rivers, delta area and

     coastal areas



     NOx Emissions:



     Diesel = [(0x0) + (55 X 340) + (106x 340) + (355x340)]/[2000]

            = 87.72 tons/year



     Gasoline = [(109x59) + (1728x72) + (3154x72) + (2469x96)]/[2000]

              = 297.48 tons/year



                                 REFERENCES



1.   KVB, Inc. Inventory of Emissions from Boating Sources in California,

     Final Report (July 1980).



2.   Boating Resources Development Planning Study, for California

     Department of Navigation and Ocean Development by Arthur Young &

     Company, October 1973.



3.   Final Report on the State Gasoline Tax Paid on Gasoline Used in

     Propelling Boats During the 1971 Calendar Year, for Department of

     Public Works and Department of Navigation and Ocean Development by

     Arthur Young & Company, December 1972.



4.   Total Vessels Registrations by County, As of 30 December 1987.

     Department of Motor Vehicles.



5.   Statstical Report - Currently Registered Vessels, As of 30 December

     1987.  Department of Motor Vehicles.

                                  TABLE I



    EMISSION FACTORS FOR DIESEL AND GASOLINE POWERED BOATS IN CALIFORNIA

                             (lb/1000 Gallons)





                                         Pollutant

Waterway/Vessel Type           SOx     CO   TOG   NOx   Particulates





Diesel-Powered:

     Rivers:

               Pleasure Boats   40    140    180  340        29

               Commercial Boats 40    100     50  280        29



     Delta:

               Pleasure Boats   40    140    180  340        29

               Commercial Boats 40    100     50  280        29



     Coast:

               Pleasure Boats   40    140    180  340        29

               Commercial Boats 40    110     50  270        29



Gasoline-Powered Combustion:

     Lakes:    Pleasure Boats    6  2,430    672   59         -



     Rivers:   Pleasure Boats    6  2,210    564   72         -

               Commercial Boats  6  2,210    564   72         -



     Delta:    Pleasure Boats    6  2,210    564   72         -

               Commercial Boats  6  2,210    564   72         -



     Coast:    Pleasure Boats    6  1,822    311   96         -

               Commercial Boats  6  1,822    311   96         -





                                         Pollutant

Waterway/Vessel Type           SOx     CO   TOG   NOx   Particulates





Gasoline-Powered Refueling:

     All:      Pleasure Boats    -    -      21.2  -          -

               Commercial Boats  -    -      21.2  -          -







PREPARED BY



Robert Weller

August 1990



D17036


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